Setting network--wired or wireless network?

Wire or Wire

Wireless network 's, fashion, but your installation will fail if you choose the correct type network and configure it correctly.Wired network s requires that each computer connected via cable to a central location, called a switch or hub is often include installation cables through walls and ceilings and could pose a problem for anyone.
If the computers in your home or Office all within 500 feet of each other, wireless network might be for you.Wireless network has no cable it can connect computers in different floors or even across the street. Along with the obvious advantage wireless wireless network s more convenient, since installation, customization and configuration changes can be done within a few minutes, without careful planning.
Wireless network s, but not as fast as a wire network sec.If you play computer games or to watch streaming video or other high-speed wireless multimedia, network might not have enough room. but if you just want to check e-mail and browse the Web, wireless network is a good choice. To set up a wireless network, you need a wireless access point and wireless network card for each computer. Will need to purchase a wireless card network for each desktop, although most new laptops are equipped with one.
Security is not a great deal of interest in wired network because someone will have to physically connect a wired network recess in wireless network s car parked outside with a laptop can easily connect to your network if you don't have. To prevent this, the wireless encryption network connections, or set a password for network or do both. DIY or call a?

If you decide to use wired network, consider whether you install it yourself or hire a professional if you have a small number of computers that are located very close to each other, you may be able to buy pre-assembled network cables and assemble them yourself.If you need to bind multiple floors and lay the wires across ceilings and walls, require professional installation.If you go this route, it is best to start with a plan of your Office or home, determine what your current needs and consider how designing network can be adapted to future needs.Professional installation should be familiar with TIA EIA standards, local conductors and electrical codes and do custom cables cabling specialists network often judged by the purity of their work, because sloppy cables are more likely to get worse over time, it is more difficult to manage and create a fire hazard.
With wired or wireless network network are not mutually exclusive in many small offices have wired network in addition to one or more s wireless network, depending on its needs. Wireless network s continue to receive faster, safer and cheaper. Wired network s will continue to co-exist with wireless network s, often in the same homes and offices.

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7 steps to wireless security

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Wireless networks, often abbreviated to "Wi-Fi", allow PCs, laptops and other devices to "talk" to each other using a short-range radio signal. However, to make a secure wireless network you will have to make some changes to the way it works once it's switched on.
The signal of any short-range radio transmission can be picked up by any device in range that is tuned to the same frequency. This means that anyone with a wireless PC or laptop in range of your wireless network may be able to connect to it unless you take precautions.
If this happens then your network and PC are vulnerable to any or all of the following:
Freeloaders - Most wireless networks are used to share a broadband Internet connection. A "Freeloader" may connect to your network and use your broadband connection without your knowledge or permission. This could have an impact on your own use. You may notice your connection slows down as it shares the availability of the Internet with more users. Many home Internet services have limits to the amount of data you can download per month - a "Freeloader" could exceed this limit and you find your Internet bill charged for the extra amounts of data. More seriously, a "Freeloader" may use your Internet connection for some nuisance or illegal activity. The Police may trace the Internet connection used for such activity it would lead them straight back to you.
Eavesdropping - As information is transmitted an "eavesdropper" may connect to your wireless network and view all the information as it passes by. This is entirely undetectable by the user as the "Eavesdropper" is only listening not transmitting. Such sensitive information as bank account details, credit card numbers, usernames and passwords may be recorded.
Hacking - Even when the security features of a wireless network have been switched on unless these features are set-up correctly then anyone in range can hack in to the network. All home wireless network routers have a standard username and password for the administration of the network. All a hacker has to do is go through the list of standard usernames and passwords until he gains access. A hacker may then use your network for any of the above or gain access to your PC - your firewall may not prevent him because, as he is connected to your network, he is within the trusted zone.
Most wireless network equipment, when it comes out of the box, is not protected against these threats by default. This means you have to configure the network yourself to make it a secure wireless network.
How to secure a wireless network
Although all wireless equipment marked as 802.11 will have standard features such as encryption and access control each manufacturer has a different way it is controlled or accessed. This means that the advice that follows may seem a bit technical because we can only tell you what you have to do not how to do it. You should read the manual or help files that came with your equipment in order to see how to make a secure wireless network.
1. Use encryption. This is the bedrock of any secure wireless network and means that the data that passes over the wireless can only be decoded with the correct system of encryption and the correct password. Currently there are three methods of encryption for wireless networks usually referred to by their acronyms: WPA2, WPA-PSK and WEP. Each method can only be used if all the equipment on the network has the capability. As WPA2 is the most recent method of encryption, unless you have recently obtained the latest PCs, laptops & network device you probably will not be able to use it. WPA-PSK is the next best and is available on most hardware. If you are using older access points and network cards, you may find that you can only use WEP. Each method requires a "key" (a word or phrase used to make the encryption work). Make sure you use a word or phrase that would not be easily guessed. For example, don't use your address as the key.
2. Set up your network infrastructure as "access point" and not "ad-hoc" or "peer to peer". These last two (ad-hoc and peer-to-peer) mean that network devices such as PCs and laptops can connect directly with each other without going through an access point. You have more control over how devices connect if you set the infrastructure to "access point" and so will make for a more secure wireless network.
3. choose an obscure name for the network - This important tip to having a secure wireless network is probably not used by about 99% of home users. The technical term for the name of the wireless network is "SSID". The default SSID is usually the name and model of the wireless router or Internet provider e.g. NetgearDG834G or Sky9091. If you leave the SSID like this it makes hacking very easy so change the SSID as soon as you set up your network. Don't use your address, house name or family name these are too easy to guess.4. Switch off the SSID broadcast. This tip goes hand in hand with No3 in creating a secure wireless network. This means that anyone wishing to connect to your wireless network must know its SSID i.e. the name of the network.
5. Change the name and password of the administration user for the wireless router but don't forget to make a note of what you change it to. A secure wireless network will have an admin user ID that is difficult to guess and a strong password that uses letter and numbers.
6. Unplug the wireless router whenever you are going to be away from home (or the office). It's also a good idea to set the time that the network can be used if the device allows it. For example, in an office you may not want to unplug the wireless router at the end of every day so you could set it to only allow connections between the hours of 7:30 AM and 7:30 PM.
7. Use MAC filtering If your wireless router or access point allows it, MAC filtering easily adds one more layer to make your wireless network secure. Every network card (the device installed in PCs and laptops that connect it to a network) has its own unique code, called a "MAC address". In Windows XP you can see the MAC address by right-clicking on the network connection, choose "status" and then the "support" tab. In the support window click on "details". The code labeled "physical address" is the MAC code for that network connection device. Make sure it's the wireless network connection you select as the LAN connection will have a different MAC address. Most wireless routers or access points allow you to list the MAC codes that you wish to use the network. This means that you must grant permission to any PC or laptop that wants to connect to the network.
If you can put all seven of these tips in operation you will have a very secure wireless network.

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Wireless Networking

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A wireless network is a communication facility that uses radio as their carrier or physical layer. The basic network consists of multiple stations communicating in a frequency range of 2.4GHz and 4.9GHz. Wireless networking is the state-of-art technology and an alternative to such networks which is hard wired by physical copper or fiber optic cables. Such a network has its advantages and disadvantages, compared to a wired network. The major advantage in having a wireless network is its mobility and elimination of cabling. Potential disadvantage is interferences due to weather, other wireless devices, or obstructions, like walls. It is gaining much demand in both home and business applications.
The two-way radio communication works on High Frequency (HF), Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands. The HF band ranges from 3 to 30 MHz, with VHF at 30 MHz to 300MHz band, while UHF belongs to a bandwidth of 300 MHz and 3.0 GHz.
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a wireless connectivity limited to local area networking. It utilises the same functions as that of a wired system, such as the Local Area Network (LAN). WLAN uses the spread spectrum technology on radio waves for communication between devices within a limited area. This facilitates the user to move around within the broad coverage area, and still remain connected.
Mobile communication implies communication through radio network. The most obvious example is establishing a wireless connectivity between a mobile network and the mobile handset or mobile terminals. The connection between the base stations to the core network of a mobile phone operator, in surprisingly high numbers, is realised through radio links. More-over, Wireless Local area Networks (WLAN) is gaining a major growth in the market today, with radio networking in office, at home and for public access. The base of Fixed Wireless Broadband is formed by the combination of radio link and WLAN technologies, being a move from proprietary into standard solutions. A further example could be set, when realising that the vendors have come up with a variety of solutions, where a single Internet connection can be utilised by more computers. This all have one thing in common - the computers need to be networked.
We presently see the advent of seamless wireless data and voice communication. The key capability of the next generation wireless communication would be Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), which forms a part of WLAN. The Quality-of-Service (QoS) is one of the planning issues in VoIP over WLAN. These issues are mainly, call control, network capacity, provisioning, architecture and others. For optimisation of this networking, the issues need to be looked into on a WLAN-by-WLAN basis. To meet the requirements of three main market segments is a challenge by itself in deployment parameters of WLANs. These market segments are:
1. Residential, small office and home office applications.

2. Private networking on VoIP WLAN.

3. VoIP over WLAN interfacing the public telephone network.
Following are the benefits of WLAN technology:
 There are situations where, wired connectivity between stations becomes costly, inconvenient or impossible. For example, cable-lay becomes a very costly proposition in a large building, where the stations are situated.
 In order to connect two buildings, separated by some physical, legal or financial hindrance, you can either ask your telecommunication authority to supply you with necessary links, or you can use WLAN application for the connectivity.
 WLAN can be used as a temporary measure for communication, which is in place for a specific time only. For example, such a network is suitable for trade shows or a convention, where laying cables for an Ethernet network becomes superfluous.
 In certain buildings, governed by building codes, laying cable becomes illegal. WLAN finds a perfect application in that situation.
 The WLAN technology is very attractive to home owners with several computers. A network could be set up without drilling holes in the wall and laying the cables for connectivity.
 A mobile laptop owner can always remain connected to the network, whether he is in the hallway, lobbies, cafeterias, classrooms or in a meeting.
 An easy way to remain connected to the internet at public places.
Etc
If you are in the middle of a public place, like, the airport, coffee shop, library or hotel, the chances are that you are already connected by wireless network. Increasing number of cities are using WiFi or 802.11 networking technology to provide low cost internet service to the residents. A time is coming when wireless networking will enable you to access internet just about anywhere anytime, without the use of wires. The mobile operators have started to provide such a wireless internet service, through a wireless network card, which goes in your notebook. This renders you mobile to any place you go and even to places in the world with a roaming account.
Security in wireless network can be divided into two parts: Authentication and Encryption. While authentication mechanisms can be used to identify a client in the network and the other-way-round, encryption makes it sure that it is not possible to intercept and decode data being transmitted.
There are two major primary security issues in wireless networking:
1. Access - Provide adequate access grants to the selected people who can use the network, without which, anyone in the vicinity could gain access into your network.
2. Privacy - Making sure that your network is not visible to anyone else. If this is not taken care of, anyone in the vicinity can watch everything you do on the network.
The total network is secured by administrator password, which is required to log into the devices, networked. The routers and access points in the network, cannot be accessed without such secured passwords. As soon as a WLAN is set up the first thing you want to do is to change the default password to something of your own. Without such a password the only way to access the network is to reset the total hardware to its factory default settings.
WLAN continuously and automatically broadcasts the network name, or the Service set Identifier (SSID). SSID is the name given to your WLAN, and all devices in the WLAN network uses this name to communicate to each other. This process makes setting up of wireless clients in the network extremely easy by locating your WLAN, and on the other hand. this makes your network to be visible to anyone operating within the range of your transmission. Turning off the SSID broadcast would make your network invisible to others.
To enable a secured network, disable the option of remote administration. Most of WLAN routers can be remotely administered, via internet. This feature should only be used, if the network lets you define a specefic IP address or a range of addresses, which would be allowed to access the network administration. It is advisable to keep the remote administration option turned off.
It won't be right to say that your network is completely secured. It is always possible for 'snoopers' to get into your traffic. Some network have been built and managed with more security built into it, but, for both LAN and WLAN, we often ask ourselves - how secured are we?

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General information about wireless networking

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Whether you want to make a phone call from your mobile, receive a message on your pager, or check your email from a PDA, we have come across a wireless data or voice network. If a user or a company wants to make data portable then Wireless networking is the answer. A wireless networking system can avoid the downtime, which may be caused in the wired network. A wireless network also saves your time and efforts in installing the lot of cables.
Also, if you need to relocate a client machine in your office, you only need to move the computer with wireless network card. Wireless networking is very useful in the public places, libraries, hotels, schools, airports, railway stations where one might find wireless access to the internet. A drawback in the wireless internet is that quality of service (QOS) is not guaranteed if there is any interference then the connection may be dropped.
Wireless Network Types
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANS)
WLANS allow users in local area, such as in a university or a library to form a network and gain wireless access to the internet. A temporary network can be formed by a small number of users without the need of access point; given that they do not need to access the resources.
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANS)
There are two current technologies for wireless personal network Bluetooth and Infra Red. These technologies will allow the connectivity of personal devices within an area of 30 feet. Infra Red requires a direct line and the range is less as compared to Bluetooth technology.
Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANS)
WMANS allow the connectivity of multiple networks in a metropolitan area such as building in a city. The network connectivity is the alternative of copper or fiber cabling.
Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANS)
WWANS or Wireless Area Networks can be maintained over large areas such as in different cities or between different countries, via multiple satellite systems or antenna sites. The types of system are called 2G systems.

The following table shows the range those different types of wireless network covers.
Network Meter
Personal Area Network 0-10
Local Area Network 0-100
Wide Are Network 0-10000
Security in Wireless Networking
The following different types of security methods are available in the wireless networking.
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Wired Equivalent Privacy is intended to stop the interference of radio frequency that is signaled by unauthorized users and this security measure is most suitable for the small networks. There is not key management protocol and each key is entered manually into the clients that's why this is very time consuming administrative task. The WEP security method is based on the RC4 encryption algorithm. In the WEP all the client computers and Access points are configured with the same encryption and decryption keys.
Service Set Identifier (SSID)
Service Set Identifier (SSID) acts a simple password by allowing WLAN network to be split up into different networks and each having a unique identifier. These identifiers are configured in the multiple access points. To access any of any networks, a computer is configured in such a way that each is having a corresponding SSID identifier for that network. If the SSID match between the two computers or networks then access is granted to each other.
Media Access Control filtering (MAC Access Control)
A list of the MAC addresses of the client computers can be inputted into an Access point and only those computers are granted to give the access to the network. When a computer makes a request, its MAC address is compared to the list of the MAC addresses to the Access point and based on this access permission granted to deny.

This is a good security method but it is mainly involved in the small wireless networks because there is more manual work is involved of entering the MAC address into the Access point.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a simple type of the wireless networking that operates in the digital devices, like mobiles phones, personal computers, PDA, Laptops, digital camera, MP3 players and other Bluetooth enabled devices to form a small network. In the Bluetooth technology eight devices can be connected to each other at the same time. Bluetooth can also be found in the headsets, hands-free kits, wireless keyboards and mouse. Bluetooth technology was invented by Ericsson in 1994 and after four years in 1998 some major mobile phone companies such as Nokia, Ericsson, Intel and Toshiba formed a group to promote this technology.
Bluetooth technology falls in the category of personal area networking because it operates in the range of 30 to 300 feet. Bluetooth uses the radio waves technology, which is not very expensive and has low power consumption. Many different companies are intended to add the Bluetooth chip in their digital devices. Bluetooth technology is getting very popularity because of its low cost and portability.
The Future of Wireless Networking
WLANS wireless networking type is very popular in home networking and more than 20 percent homes with broadband internet are using WLANS and this number is increasing. In a general estimate worldwide hotspots have now reached more than 30,000 and will grow about 210,000 in the next few years. Most large hotels already offer Wi-Fi and the business travelers are willing to pay wireless access. 802.11 is the next Wi-Fi speed standard is set to offer bandwidth around 108Mbps and is still under development. With the speed of 70 Mbps and a range up to 30 miles, the 80216 standard, known as WiMAX is sure to get boost.
Some Tips & Tricks
o When purchasing a wireless NIC card try to get one that is having external antenna. When you are out and using Wi-Fi enabled laptop, disable Microsoft file and sharing, which enables other computers in a network to access data and resources on your computer. In this way, your computer or laptop will be saved from hackers.
o If you are concerned about the interference from the other wireless access point set the AP and wireless computers to use a non-overlapping channel.
o Change the configuration interface password of the access point before you enable it.
o Only buy an access point that is having upgradeable capabilities. By this way you can take the advantage of security enhancements.
o Keep the access point up to date.

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Nokia 770 Internet Tablet

Nokia 770 Internet Tablet
Manufacturer	Nokia
Type	Internet appliance
Connectivity	IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth
Retail availability	2005-11-03
Media	RS-MMC or MMCmobile
Operating system	Internet Tablet OS 2006, (Debian GNU/Linux - based Maemo)
Input	Touchscreen
Camera	N/A
Power	BP-5L Li-Polymer 1500 mAh Battery
CPU	252 MHz Texas Instruments OMAP 1710
Memory	64MB Random Access Memory, 128MB Flash
Display	800 × 480 resolution, 4.13 in diagonal, widescreen
Successor	Nokia N800

The Nokia 770 Internet Tablet is a wireless Internet appliance from Nokia, originally announced at the LinuxWorld Summit in New York City on May 25, 2005.^[1] It is designed for wireless Internet browsing and e-mail functions and includes software such as Internet radio, an RSS news reader, image viewer and media players for selected types of media.

The device went on sale in Europe on November 3, 2005, at a suggested retail price of €349 to €369 (£245 in the United Kingdom).^[2] In the United States, the device became available for purchase through Nokia USA's web site on November 14, 2005 for $359.99. On January 8, 2007, Nokia announced the Nokia N800, the successor to the 770.^[3] In the summer of 2007, the price for the Nokia 770 fell to under USD 150 / EUR 150 / GBP 100. ^[4][5][6]

Contents 1 Specifications 2 Software 2.1 Internet Tablet OS 2006 edition 3 Accessories 4 Versatility 5 Criticism 6 References 7 See also 8 External links

Specifications

• Dimensions: 141×79×19 mm (5.5×3.1×0.7 in)
• Weight: 230 g (8.1 oz) with protective cover or 185 g (6.5 oz) without.

• Processor: Texas Instruments OMAP 1710 CPU running at 252 MHz. It combines the ARM architecture of the ARM926TEJ core subsystem with a Texas Instruments TMS320C55x digital signal processor.
• Memory: 64MB of DDR RAM, and 128MB of internal FLASH memory, of which about 64MB should be available to the user. Option for extended virtual memory (RS-MMC up to 1 GB (2GB after flash upgrade))

• Display and resolution: 4.1 inches, 800×480 pixels at 225 pixels per inch with up to 65,536 colors
• Connectivity: WLAN (IEEE 802.11b/g), Bluetooth 1.2, dial-up access, USB (both user-mode, and non powered host-mode)
• Expansion: RS-MMC (both RS-MMC and DV-RS-MMC cards are supported).
• Audio: speaker and a microphone

This device is manufactured in Estonia and in Germany.

Software

The operating system is a modified version of Debian GNU/Linux (running Linux 2.6.12), including an X Window System-based graphical user interface in the form of a window manager incorporating the GTK+ toolkit and Hildon user interface widgets. BusyBox replaces many common Linux system utilities. The device includes a PDF viewer and the Opera Web browser, along with a media player application. These allow it to process the following media file formats:

• Audio: MP3, RealAudio, MPEG-4, AAC, WAV, AMP, MP2
• Image: JPEG, GIF, BMP, TIFF, PNG, Animated GIF, SVG Tiny, ICO
• Video: MPEG-1, MPEG-4, RealVideo, H.263, AVI, 3GP

The development platform for the Nokia 770 is known as Maemo.

Internet Tablet OS 2006 edition

On May 16, 2006 Nokia announced a new version of the Internet Tablet operating system which includes major improvements in response to user requests.^[7]

Most notable of these improvements include a thumb-driven on-screen keyboard for fast text input and Jabber-based Voice over IP and instant messaging software. The VoIP software is compatible with Google Talk. Also included was the ability to support 2Gb RS-MMC cards (formatted FAT). This upgrade is the default OS shipped on new 770 Internet Tablets and became available as a downloadable upgrade for existing users on June 30, 2006. The Linux kernel was upgraded to 2.6.16 with the associated patches for the OMAP platform. This new version uses kernel preemption for improved interactivity.

On June 9, 2006 Nokia released a beta version of the development platform aimed at developers porting their programs to Internet Tablet 2006 Edition (shortened to IT2006). End users were advised to remain with the April IT2005 edition until IT2006 was officially released. Some of the final features in IT2006 were not yet present in the beta, such as multi-protocol messaging.^[8]

The full release version of the Internet Tablet OS 2006 edition was posted by Nokia on June 30, 2006.^[9]

An update to IT 2006 came out in November 2006. This adds support for 2 GB RS-MMC cards and also adds Wikipedia as a searchable resource on the Home Page Search Applet and many more enhancements.^[10]

Accessories

In October 2006, Nokia released the Navigation Kit for Nokia 770 Internet Tablet. It includes a Bluetooth-based Nokia LD-3W GPS receiver, navigation software from Navicore with maps of Europe, a memory card, a car holder and a car charger.

Versatility

Because of the Linux based operating system and the open-source contributions from Nokia, the Nokia 770 Internet Tablet has a great appeal to the hacker and DIY markets. Programmers are porting applications to the Maemo platform allowing a much more rapidly growing application catalog than other mobile platforms would enjoy.^[11] The inclusion of WiFi, Bluetooth, and USB host functionality (through a hack) permits enthusiasts to expand their tablets to include USB mass storage, Bluetooth GPS receivers, a normal USB keyboard, or other devices.

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